Canine Vet Medial Patellar Luxation (MPL) Treatment & Surgery
What is Medial Patellar Luxation (MPL) Luxation?
Medial Patellar Luxation (MPL) is a developmental condition in dogs where the kneecap (patella) dislocates from its normal position. It is a common orthopedic issue, particularly in toy and small breed dogs like Malteses, Terriers, Toy Poodles, Pomeranians, and Japanese Spitzes.
Signs & Symptoms
Lameness in dogs with MPL is often intermittent; you may notice your pet skipping a step or running on three legs before returning to normal. Over 50% of dogs have both knees affected, which can cause bunny hopping, a bow-legged stance, or reluctance to play or walk. Lameness may appear as early as a few months old.
How severe is the condition?
The function of the kneecap is to allow for extension of the knee joint. A normal kneecap should not dislocate. When the kneecap dislocates, this can cause severe pain and lameness. There are 4 grades of patellar luxation. The higher the grade, the more severe the condition: Grade 1: The kneecap can be manually dislocated, but pops back into its normal location as soon as pressure is released. Grade 2: The kneecap intermittently dislocates, and is able to pop back in. Skipping lameness is usually seen. Grade 3: The kneecap is dislocated most of the time, but is able to pop back in. Skipping lameness is seen. Grade 4: The kneecap is permanently dislocated, and is unable to be manually placed back into its normal position. Lameness is persistent.
Does my pet need surgery?
Surgery is recommended for Grades 2, 3, and 4 of MPL. Surgery is routine for Grades 2 and 3, while Grade 4 cases are severe and require early, more aggressive treatment. The goals of surgery are to: Realign the kneecap mechanism Allow smooth knee extension Eliminate pain and lameness Preserve joint health Prevent or reduce arthritis progression Lower risk of other ligament injuries
Does MPL cause long term issues?
The prognosis is excellent if surgery is performed before arthritis develops, with pets regaining full use of the limb. Left untreated, each time the kneecap dislocates, it rubs against the joint, straining soft tissues and eroding cartilage, which leads to arthritis and persistent pain over time. For this reason, while not urgent, surgical correction is recommended as early as possible to prevent long-term damage.
Why Choose Westside for Surgical Treatment?
We’re committed to the highest standards of specialist care—ensuring pets are in skilled hands and owners feel informed and supported, strengthening the trust at the heart of the pet-owner-veterinarian relationship. Our dedicated ICU team provides 24/7 postoperative care, while our advanced imaging and surgical theatres support complex procedures from neurosurgery to orthopaedics. You can trust your pet will receive expert, compassionate care in our state-of-the-art facility.